Cultural Parameters of Xanthomonas cucurbitae Causing Bacterial Leaf Spot of Bottle Gourd and Pumpkin

Abstract

Bacterial leaf spot caused by Xanthomonas cucurbitae is an important disease of cucurbits leading to huge crop losses especially to bottle gourd, pumpkin and squashes in sub tropical zone of Himachal Pradesh.  Cultural parameters like effect of different temperatures, pH levels and nutrient media on the growth of two isolates of X. cucurbitae isolated from bottle gourd and pumpkin were studied under in vitro conditions.Among various temperature regimes (15–35 °C) tested for both the isolates, a temperature range of 25 to 30 ^oC was observed to be optimum, for bottle gourd (5.35×10⁷ cfu ml^-1at 25 ^oC) and pumpkin (4.15×10⁷ cfu ml^-1 at 30 ^oC) isolates. Out of six pH levels (4.0–9.0) tested to see the effect on bacterial growth, the optimum pH range for maximum growth of the bacteria was observed to be 6.0 to 7.0 for bottle gourd (44.16×10⁷ cfu ml^-1at pH 6.0 ) and pumpkin (31.62×10⁷ cfu ml^-1 at pH 7.0) isolates. However, no growth of the isolates was recorded at pH 4.0. The bacterium grew best in yeast extract calcium carbonate broth (8.11×10⁷ cfu ml^-1 and 10.63×10⁷ cfu ml^-1; bottle gourd and pumpkin isolates, respectively), nutrient glucose broth (9.31×cfu ml^-1; bottle gourd isolate) and nutrient sodium chloride broth (7.70×10⁷ cfu ml^-1and 7.33×10⁷ cfu ml^-1; bottle gourd and pumpkin isolates, respectively).