Biodegradability Assessment of Aquaculture Effluents: A Comprehensive Analysis of BOD and COD Using Multivariate Statistical Techniques

Authors

  • B. D. Savaliya Dept. of Aquatic Environmental Management, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai (400 061), India
  • Jebarson Solomon Dept. of Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai (400 061), India
  • Tejaswini Karale Dept. of Fisheries Resource Management, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai (400 061), India
  • Ganesh Kumar Dept. of Aquatic Environment Management, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, (284 003), India https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1694-1169
  • Tapas Paul Dept. of Aquatic Environment Management, College of Fisheries, Kishanganj, Bihar (855 107), India
  • Saurav Kumar Dept. of Aquatic Environmental Management, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai (400 061), India
  • Saiprasad Bhusare Dept. of Fish Nutrition and Feed Technology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai (400 061), India
  • Thangaraj Priyadharshini Dept. of Aquatic Environment Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu (628 008), India
  • Renuka Dept. of Environment and Sustainable Development, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar (391 107), India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.23910/1.2026.6871

Keywords:

Biodegradability index, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand

Abstract

The study was conducted during January, 2023 to December, 2024 at Tirunelveli, Tuticorin and Kanyakumari district of Tamil Nadu, India to investigate the biodegradability of effluents collected from semi-intensive aquaculture systems operating in Tamil Nadu based on biodegradability index calculated from Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). BOD indicated the oxygen needed to biologically degrade organic matter; COD measured both biodegradable and nonbiodegradable organic matter. The BOD/COD ratio (Biodegradability index) averaged 0.46, showing that the wastewater exhibited moderate biodegradability, implying that biological treatment was feasible but microbial seeding might enhance efficiency. Seasonal peaks in May correlated with increased feed input and organic waste accumulation; lower values in October and November reflected reduced production. Regression analysis identified a quadratic polynomial as the best predictor of BOD from COD, underscoring the value of mathematical models for monitoring wastewater quality. This study demonstrated that integrating BOD and COD data with statistical tools could improve effluent management. Expanding sustainable aquaculture would require implementing treatment technologies suited to effluents with moderate biodegradability. The findings provided baseline information for designing effluent treatment plants, optimizing microbial consortia and informing policy on discharge standards.

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Published

2026-02-18

How to Cite

1.
Savaliya BD, Solomon J, Karale T, Kumar G, Paul T, Kumar S, et al. Biodegradability Assessment of Aquaculture Effluents: A Comprehensive Analysis of BOD and COD Using Multivariate Statistical Techniques. IJBSM [Internet]. 2026 Feb. 18 [cited 2026 Jul. 18];17(Feb, 2):01-7. Available from: https://ojs.pphouse.org/index.php/IJBSM/article/view/6871

Issue

Vol. 17 No. Feb, 2 (2026)

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2026 B. D. Savaliya, Jebarson Solomon, Tejaswini Karale, Ganesh Kumar, Tapas Paul, Saurav Kumar, Saiprasad Bhusare, Thangaraj Priyadharshini, Renuka

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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